备战打仗中的国际人道法规则运用

国际人道法的基本原则之一是区分对待战斗员和平民,以便在武装冲突中有效地对战争受难者进行保护,平衡"军事必要"与"人道需求"这一矛盾。从实践经验上看,我军在战争中往往守法做的比较好,而在对付敌人违法作战方面准备不足。在未来军事斗争中应利用国际人道法的相关知识,做到既严格遵守又灵活运用。具体做法包括:将遵守国际人道规则列入部队训练和演习内容;运用国际人道法合理进行目标选择与打击;做到正确、灵活地对待和使用保护性标志;灵活处置国际人道法的守势反用等。     

Lost in space? the role of place in the delivery of social welfare law advice over the telephone and face-to-face

ABSTRACT

Advice that is provided exclusively over the telephone has been promoted by government as more convenient and accessible than face-to-face appointments. The resulting push towards telephone-only provision, as implemented by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, challenges the long history of association between social welfare law advice and local delivery within disadvantaged communities. This article reports on qualitative research comparing telephone and face-to-face advice which uncovers the continuing relevance of place in the dynamics and mechanics of social welfare law provision. Familiarity with the geographical location, knowledge of local policies and procedures, relationships with opponents and allies, and an understanding of the ‘local legal culture’ mean that face-to-face advisers are often able to conduct their legal casework more effectively. Conversely, local knowledge is unlikely to be available to Community Legal Advice telephone advisers. This research suggests that, in addition, telephone-only advisers may be developing a more narrow understanding of the essential qualities of casework. These findings are particularly significant in view of the likely future expansion of remote methods of delivery in legal aid work.     

The Need for Confidentiality in Evaluative Processes: Arbitration and Med/Arb in Family Law Cases

Arbitration, mediation/arbitration and arbitration/mediation allow parties to resolve their disputes usually more expeditiously, privately and with less cost than going to court. While confidentiality is seen as essential to the mediation process and often included in statutes, confidentiality seems less essential to a more adversarial process. Confidentiality provisions rest at the intersection between privacy and self‐determination and the protection of vulnerable parties in family law disputes. This article explores the importance of confidentiality clauses in drafting arbitration and med/arb or arb/med agreements.     

Delegating Terror: Principal–Agent Based Decision Making in State Sponsorship of Terrorism

State sponsorship of terrorism, where a government deliberately provides resources and material support to a terrorist organization, is common in the international system. Sponsorship can provide significant strategic and political benefits for a state, but there are inherent international and domestic risks associated with delegating foreign policy to these actors. Using principal–agent analysis, I develop a model that evaluates the impact of potential costs and benefits on a state’s decision to sponsor terrorism. I test my model by using a novel dataset on sponsorship behaviors that ranges from 1970 to 2008. The results of my analysis support the validity of the principal–agent model in explaining sponsorship, as states will be more likely to engage in sponsorship when the strategic benefits of weakening the targeted state are high and the risks of international reputation loss and domestic dissatisfaction are low.     

Taiwan in the Caribbean: a case study in state de-recognition

The rich and complex recent International Political Sociology (IPS) literature on state recognition has completely ignored the process of de-recognition. The present article uses the case study of Taiwan’s efforts to preserve its ‘diplomatic allies’ in the Caribbean in order to fill this gap. Taking advantage of the IPS development of the constitutive theory of recognition, it introduces and analyses the concept of state de-recognition while emphasizing the deep contradiction between present international law principles and the political reality of national identity building as well as the de-linking of political science and international law understandings of recognition made possible by the progress of the constitutive theory. De-recognition is perceived as resulting in a hierarchical relationship between recognized and de-recognized political entities that is arbitrary and ethically questionable as it ultimately reflects the denial of the right to self-determination of peoples.     

日本《部分工时劳动法》的修正——以均等待遇原则为中心

日本部分工时劳动发展当中,差别待遇问题日益突出。在日本社会特殊的雇佣体制下,同工同酬原则一直不被认可,禁止差别待遇缺乏法源依据。2007年《部分工时劳动法》作出重大修正,最大的亮点是有限度的导入了国际劳工组织倡导的均等待遇原则,对满足一定条件的劳工给予同工同酬保护。中国非全日制用工发展中差别待遇问题同样突出,日本修法的经验对于中国具有借鉴意义。     

法学相关专业高职英语课程构建的社会需求调查分析

本文以高职法学相关专业社会需求为例,运用问卷调查和访谈等方式,分析了法学行业用人单位对法学高职毕业生英语能力的要求,尤其是行业英语方面的需求,并对法学相关专业高职英语课程构建提出了相应的建议。     

试论建立健全我国海外流失文物追索法律制度——从唐贞顺皇后陵墓被盗文物境外成功追回谈起

唐贞顺皇后陵墓被盗文物境外成功追回，得益于法律保障、专业技术和国际合作三个方面。但我国追索海外流失文物的工作仍很严峻。我国在海外流失文物追索过程中面临的主要法律困境包括证据资料搜集困难，缺乏适格诉讼主体，欠缺稳定的专业技术支持以及缺少专门追索机构。我国应借鉴国外先进经验制定《流失文物追索法》，对流失文物的性质、所有权归属以及追索原则等问题予以系统规定，并应成立专门的追索机构，从而有效解决追索过程中的法律依据、证据以及专业技术支持等问题。     

清末民事诉讼法的演进

八国联军侵华后,统治阶层意识到以旧有方式延续其统治成为不可能,遂推动例律的修订。此外,西方国家在华享有的领事裁判权,一方面维护了本国国民的利益,另一方面也使华人了解到文明国家的先进诉讼法制。英美日三国与清政府约定以修律换取其领事裁判权的废除,成为修律的直接动机。沈家本等修律大臣先后奏进《刑事民事诉讼法草案》、《民事诉讼律草案》,两份草案各有特色,其中《刑事民事诉讼法草案》尤其特别,兼具英美国家的诉讼特点,而《民事诉讼律草案》则具有浓厚的日本民事诉讼法色彩。